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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major diseases that harmful to healthy elderly, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the early clinical stage of AD. There is a lag in the clinical diagnosis of both diseases. An objective and reliable auxiliary diagnostic method is urgently needed to provide early diagnosis and differential indicators for AD and MCI, to predict the probability of individuals suffering from AD and MCI transforming into AD, and to reduce the overall incidence of AD and reduce the huge medical and economic burden for the country and society. Event-related potential is widely used in AD and MCI, and the resolution at the millisecond level can truly reflect the time course of cognitive processing and the degree of impairment of cognitive function in patients. In this study, we investigated the differences in the amplitude and latency of ERP components in healthy elderly, MCI and AD patients, and the correlation between ERP components and cognitive impairment. Early N170 and P200 showed high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating MCI from healthy elderly or MCI from AD. The late perception-related ERPs also showed high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating healthy elderly from MCI/AD. The differences in ERPs between MCI and AD may be related to the etiology, the degree of disease progression and the site of brain damage. The specific brain mechanism still need to be further explored and will be the focus of future research. With the progress of the research, the relationship between the specific ERP manifestations and the mechanism of brain injury as well as the impairment of cognitive function will be more clear. It is believed that the application of ERP in clinical will bring more benefits to AD and its early clinical MCI.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between lexical semantic processing abnormalities and cognitive function and clinical symptoms in schizophrenia based on the activation diffusion model and semantic distance.Methods:All subjects matched with demographic data were randomly divided into experiment group( n=27) and control group( n=30). The semantic distance of words of different semantic categories and lexical categories were assigned at a level of 1-7.The semantic distance between the two groups was analyzed by repeated measures of variance, and the correlation analysis was conducted on the scores of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in the experimental group. Results:The main effects of the groups in semantic distance were statistically significant( F(1, 55)=7.460, P=0.008, ηp2=0.981). The semantic distance in the experimental group (3.672±0.105)was lower than that in the control group (4.068±0.100). The main effect of the semantic category was statistically significant( F(1, 55)= 833.37, P<0.01, ηp2=0.938), and the semantic distance in the relative condition (1.965±0.074) was lower than that in the unrelative condition(5.775±0.117). Under the relative condition, concrete semantic deviation was negatively correlated with the total score of MCCB( r=-0.405, P=0.036)and speech learning ( r=-0.569, P=0.002). Abstract semantic deviation was negatively correlated with speech learning( r=-0.429, P=0.026). Under the unrelative condition, concrete semantic deviation was negatively correlated with MCCB total score ( r=-0.597, P=0.001), speech learning( r=-0.399, P=0.039)and other dimensions.Abstract semantic deviation was negatively correlated with MCCB total score( r=-0.593, P=0.001) and speech learning( r=-0.285, P=0.050). Under the relative condition, the abstract semantic deviation was positively correlated with the general symptom scale score( r=0.448, P=0.019). Under the unrelative condition, abstract vocabulary semantic deviation was positively correlated with PANSS total score( r=0.120, P=0.010), negative scale score( r=0.047, P=0.030) and general symptom scale score ( r=0.306, P=0.010). Conclusion:The semantic distance of lexical processing is abnormal in schizophrenia. The semantic deviation is related to the cognitive function index and symptom index.
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Objective:To investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of umbilical cord tissue transplantation on radiation-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.Methods:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with 20 in each group: control group, model group (whole brain X-ray irradiation, dose 20 Gy) and treatment group (whole brain X-ray irradiation, dose 20 Gy + umbilical cord tissue transplantation). The changes of body mass were observed, and the learning and memory of rats were observed by water maze test on the 14th and 28th day after irradiation, the neuron state of hippocampus was observed by HE staining, and the expressions of NF-κB pathway related proteins and IL-6 in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.Descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing were processed by SPSS 17.0.Results:(1) On the 28th day, the escaping latency in the water maze experiment of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group and lower than that of the model group (control group: (11.77±3.02) s, model group: (23.75±3.27)s, treatment group: (18.49±2.32)s; t=3.940, -2.943, both P<0.05); the number of crossing platform in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group and higher than that in the model group (control group: (7.20±0.84), model group (3.60±1.14 ), treatment group (5.00±1.00); t=-3.773, 2.064, both P<0.05). (2)HE staining showed that the neurons in the control group were arranged orderly and the cytoplasm was transparent.The neurons in the model group were arranged disorderly and the contraction of the cell body was triangular or irregular.The number of neurons in the treatment group was less than that in the model group. (3) On the 14th day, the relative expression of TLR4 in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group and lower than that in the model group (control group: (0.69±0.03), model group: (1.06±0.11), treatment group: (0.90±0.04); t=7.275, -2.368, both P<0.05). The relative expression of NF-κB p65 in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group and lower than that in the model group (control group: (1.67±0.12), model group: (2.08 ±0.06), treatment group: (1.93±0.08); t=3.236, -2.684, both P<0.05). The relative expression of IL-6 in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group and lower than that in the model group (control group: (0.77±0.08), model group: (1.12±0.07), treatment group: (0.95±0.06); t=3.274, -3.495, both P<0.05). The relative expression of Bcl-2 / Bax in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group and higher than that in the model group (control group: (1.40±0.52), model group: (0.48±0.06), treatment group: (0.72±0.0 3); t=-2.263, 6.350, both P<0.05). The expression trend of IL-6 and Bcl-2 / Bax protein on the 28th day was the same as that on the 14th day. Conclusion:Cord tissue transplantation can improve the learning and memory impairment caused by radiotherapy, which may be related with the inhibition of inflammation caused by radiotherapy.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between shift work and type 2 diabetes in oil workers. METHODS: A total of 2 666 oil workers in an oil group were selected as the study subjects using the typical sampling method. Questionnaire survey was conducted by a self-designed Questionnaire of Health Assessment for Oil Workers, and blood glucose level was measure. RESULTS: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the study subjects was 10.1%(268/2 666). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in shift workers was higher than that in non-shift workers(13.1% vs 6.0%, P<0.01). After adjusting for the influence of confounding factors such as gender, body mass index, family history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of hyperlipidemia, and physical exercise, multivariate logistic regression analysis results show that the longer the shift work length, the higher the risk of developing type 2 diabetes(P<0.01), workers with shift work(3 shifts in a day, 2 shifts operating) had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes than that in non-shift workers(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The shift work length and shift workers with 3 shifts in a day, 2 shifts operating can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in oil workers.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of manganese(Mn) and high fat diet(HFD) co-exposure on the neurological behavior and gut microbiota in mice, and to observe the correlation between them. METHODS: Specific pathogen free adult male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Mice in control group and Mn exposure group were fed with normal diet, while the HFD group and co-exposure group were fed with HFD. Both the Mn exposure group and the co-exposure group were exposed to 10 mg/(kg·d) manganese chloride by intraperitoneal injection, while the control group and HFD group were treated with 0.9% sodium chloride solution of the same volume, once per day for 60 consecutive days. At the end of exposure, the mice were subjected to experiments of neurological behaviors. Then, the mice were sacrificed and intestinal feces were collected. The relative abundance of gut microbiota(relative abundance>1.000%) was detected by high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS: After exposure, the body weight of the HFD group and the co-exposure group increased significantly(P<0.05), while that of the Mn exposure group decreased(P<0.05), compared with the control group. The latency, time in central, crossing, total distance and open arm time(OT%) of mice in the Mn exposure group were lower than that of the control group(P<0.05), and close arm time(CT%) prolonged(P<0.05). Compared with the control group and the HFD group, the latency, rearing, time in central, crossing, total distance, OT% and open arm entry(OE%) of mice in the co-exposure group decreased(P<0.05), and CT% increased(P<0.05). The total distance of mice in the co-exposure group was lower than that of the Mn exposure group(P<0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes increased(P<0.05), those of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased in mice in the HFD group at the phylum level(P<0.05) compared with mice in the control group. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria increased(P<0.05), and Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased(P<0.05) in mice in the Mn exposure group. The relative abundance of Oscillospira, Bacteroides and Prevotella of mice in the HFD group reduced at the genus level(P<0.05) compared with the control group. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased in Mn exposure group(P<0.05), and Oscillospira, Bacteroides and Prevotella decreased(P<0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria and Lactobacillus of mice in the co-exposure group increased(P<0.05), and those of the remaining 6 bacteria were lower(P<0.05) compared with mice in the other 3 groups. Among the mice of co-exposure group, the latency was positively correlated with Bacteroidetes(P<0.05). The rearing was positively correlated with Firmicutes(P<0.05) and negatively correlated with Actinobacteria(P<0.01). The OE% was negatively correlated with Firmicutes(P<0.05) and positively correlated with Actinobacteria(P<0.05). The crossing was positively correlated with Prevotella(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Manganese combined with HFD had a synergistic effect on the abnormality of neurological behavior of mice. There are some correlation between the abnormality of neurological behavior and the homeostatic imbalance of intestinal flora in mice.
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Objective To investigate the effects of poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor AG014699 on the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA?MB?231.Methods Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity test kit ( CCK?8) was used to detect the proliferation of MDA?MB?231 cells in different concentrations of AG014699 (0.1,1.0,10.0,20.0 and 40.0 mmol／L), DTX (10－9,10－8,10－7,10－6 and 10－5 mol／L) and CBP (10－6,10－5,10－4 and 10－3 mol／L).Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution.Results The effects of AG01469 at different concentrations (0.1,1.0,10.0,20.0 and 40.0 μmol／L) on proliferation activity of MDA?MB?231 cells were (94.83 ± 3.93)%, ( 79.42 ± 5.52)%, ( 63.75 ± 4.34)%, ( 38.97 ± 8.42)%, ( 29.70 ± 3.35 )%, with statistically significant differences (F＝75.54,P＜0.01,different concentrations pairwise comparison: all P ＜0.05). The efficacy of AG014699 in combination with DTX at different concentrations (( 69.77 ±17.94)%,(58.34± 2.59)%,( 52.81 ± 2.01)%, ( 41.23 ± 3.38)%, ( 24.82 ± 0.73)%) was compared with that of single DTX (( 81.24 ± 11.91)%, ( 85.74 ± 3.10)%, ( 72.74 ± 4.66)%, ( 55.18 ± 3.19)%, (45.95±3.82)%).The differences were statistically significant (t values were －0.923,－11.748,－6.802,－5.199,－9.410,respectively,with P＞0.05 at 10－9 concentration and P＜0.01 at all other concentrations ). The efficacy of AG014699 combined with CBP ((78.33± 2.89)%,( 60.44± 1.95)%,( 50.55± 3.07)%, (12.07± 1.63)%) and single CBP (( 90.00 ± 6.18)%, ( 87.87 ± 2.30)%,( 76.82 ± 3.37)%,( 40.71 ±1.68)%) was compared,and the cell activity was significantly reduced,indicating statistically significant differences ( t values were －1.935,－15.756,－9.981,－21.192, respectively, and P＞0.05 at 10－6 concentration,P＜0.05 at all the other concentrations ).The q value was＞1.15 when AG014699 was combined with 10－3 mmol／L CBP, which showed synergistic effect.When combined with other effective concentrations of DTX or CBP,the q value was between 0.85 and 1.15,showing additive effect.Conclusion PARP inhibitor AG014699 assisted DTX or CBP can inhibit the proliferation of TNBC cell line MDA?MB?231.By means of simple addition or systematic effect,it can inhibit the triple negative breast cancer.
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Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in the management of refractory hematuria of prostatic origin (RHPO). Methods This retrospective study from 6 hospitals in china consisted of 31 patients (mean age 75.0±7.5 years, range 58 to 84 years) who underent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for RHPO between February 2011 and January 2017. Patients with RHPO who had complete imaging and clinical data were enrolled. Patients with incomplete clinical data, inability to assess hemostasis, and contraindications to TAE were excluded. The cause of RHPO was benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in nine patients, prostate cancer in twelve, transurethral resection of prostate in four, open prostatectomy in two and prostatic sarcoma in four. Superselective arterial embolization, non-superselective arterial embolization or intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed according to the etiology and angiography. Angiographic findings, technical success rate, clinical success rate, complications were recorded. Results Of the 31 patients, 6 patients (19.4％) were with active bleeding, 4 (12.9％) with aneurysm and 27 (87.1％) with abnormal neovascularization on the angiogram. The 31 patients underwent a totle of 37 TAE, the technical success rate was 100.0％(37/37) and the recent hemostasis success rate was 90.3％(28/31). The incidence of mild complications was 38.7％(13/31), there was no serious complication associated with TAE. Conclusion TAE is a safe and effective method for the treatment of refractory hematuria of prostatic origin.
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Objective To explore the impact of arterial injury on distal limb blood supply in lower limb trauma. Meth?ods Retrospective analysis of 93 patients with different levels of lower limb arterial injury admitted to our hospital from June 2014 to August 2017. There were 84 males and 9 females aged 43.54±9.90 years (ranging 25-65 years). Revascularization was performed through open reduction. Patients were divided into three groups according to their arterial injury locations. Proximal ves?sels were along the superficial femoral artery, from its beginning to the point where it was divided into the descending genicular ar?tery and direct periosteal branches. Intermediate vessels were from the dividing point on the superficial femoral artery to the popli?teal artery before it was divided into the medial inferior genicular artery. Distal vessels were from the dividing point on the poplite?al artery to the distal end of the peroneal artery. The duration from injury to revascularization in the three groups were 13.67±5.99 h, 11.15±4.43 h, and 11.92±5.48 h, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups (F=1.564, P=0.215). ISS in the three groups were 13.00±3.74, 12.77±3.81, and 11.50±3.99, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups (F=1.445, P=0.241). The following items were compared among the three groups, postoperative creatine kinase, arterial blood lac?tate and limb compartment cut. Results Creatine kinase of the intermediate vascular group was 8 743.15±6 968.48 u/L, proximal vascular group 1 467.67±1 810.27 u/L, distal vascular group 2 893.51±1 304.56 u/L. The data of intermediate vascular group were higher than those of proximal and distal vascular groups with significant difference among the groups (F=22.587,P=0.000). The lactate of the intermediate vascular group was 3.20 ± 1.51 mmol/L, proximal vascular group 1.63 ± 0.46 mmol/L, distal vascular group 1.85±0.69 mmol/L with significant difference among the groups (F=20.612,P=0.000). The compartment cut of the intermedi?ate vascular group was incised in 24, but not in 15. The proximal vascular group was not incised in 18, while 15 was incised and 21 not incised in distal vascular group. The rates of compartment cut were 61.5%, 0 and 41.7%, respectively with significant differ? ences (χ2=19.156, P=0.000). Conclusion In lower limb injuries, the intermediate vascular (from the superficial femoral artery after it is divided into the descending genicular artery and direct periosteal branches to the popliteal artery before it is divided into the medial inferior genicular artery) injury leads to the most severe distal limb ischemia.
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Objective To explore the relation between lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and knee injury.Methods 100 knee injury patients were operated on in our department.The difference of incidence rates of DVT,the thrombus location and incidence rates of DVT before and after operation in the two groups was compared.There were no fatal pulmonary embolism occurring in either group.Results The incidence rate of DVT in tibial plateau fracture group was 52％,that in patellar fracture was 30％ (P ＜ 0.05).DVT incidence rate of popliteal,pretibial,posterior tibial vein thrombosis in group of tibial plateau fracture was higher than that in group of patellar fracture (P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in postoperative thrombosis between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions There is a high incidence rate of DVT in knee joint injury.Which is closely related to the position of fracture and limb immobilization.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between lipocalintype prostaglandin dsynthase(L-PGDS) and visfatin in the lower extremity atherosclerotic plaque. Methods Collected from February 2014 to February 2016 in vascular surgery of our hospital 40 cases of femoral artery atherosclerotic plaque intima specimens (observation group), 20 cases of splenic artery, superior mesenteric artery samples (control group), the expression of visfatin and L-PGDS protein were detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the expression of visfatin and L-PGDS mRNA were determined by RT-PCR. Results The observation group visfatin protein expression was (121.42±11.07), significantly higher than the control group (72.07±12.81), and L-PGDS protein expression was (87.93±9.73), significantly lower than the control group (107.04±10.58), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The relative expression of visfatin mRNA in the observation group was (0.321±0.024), which was significant higher than that of the control group (0.217±0.031), while L-PGDS mRNA was (0.203±0.018), significantly lower than the control group (0.314±0.029), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The expression of L-PGDS protein was negatively correlated with the expression of visfatin protein in the plaque tissue (r=-0.617, P<0.05), visfatin mRNA and L-PGDS mRNA were negatively correlated (r=-0.645, P< 0.05). Conclusion Visfatin and L-PGDS in lower extremity atherosclerosis occurrence and development have an important relationship, both of them may play an antagonistic role.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy of treatment and prevention of VitE on vacuous chewing move-ments (VCMs) of haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) rats and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic fac-tor ( BDNF) and total antioxidant capacity ( TAC) , and to explore the possible mechanisms.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into TD, P-Vit E, T-Vit E and control group (n=8), receiving to-week treatment with Haloperidol (Hal)+NS, Hal+Vit E (medicated at the baseline), Hal+VitE (medicated at the fifth week) or normal saline (NS), respectively.VCM was evaluated at each week.ELISA and spectrophotometer were used to detect the serum levels of BDNF and TAC, respectively.Results The VCM score of both TD group and T-Vit E group increased at the 2nd weekend, reached the peak at the 5th weekend.VCM score of T-Vit E group declined gradually at the 6th weekend and was significantly lower than that in the TD group [(6.5 ±3.3) vs.(27.9 ±5.8), P0.05) at the 10th weekend.There was no significant difference in VCM score between P-Vit E group and control group for ten weeks(P>0.05).At the 10th weekend, serum BDNF [(6.9 ±1.0) pg/mL] and TAC [(11.9 ±3.2) U/mL] levels of TD group were significantly lower than those of the controls [BDNF (8.6 ±2.5) pg/mL, TAC (18.2 ±5.5) U/mL] and T-Vit E group [BDNF (8.7 ±2.0) pg/mL, (18.6 ±5.9) U/mL] (P0.05).Conclusions Vit E may relieve and prevent VCM in TD model rats though alleviation of free radical damage.
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Incidence of thrombotic disease is very high, and this disease can result in high mortality and high disability rate. Prevention and treatment of the disease mainly include:antiplatelet, anticoagulation and thrombolysis. Choice of anti?thrombotic treatment based emphasizes on individuation. As a direct inhibitor of factor Xa, Rivaroxaban exert its anticoagu?lant activity without antithrombinⅢbut is ineffective to theⅩa in prothrombin complex, which can be used as a substitute of traditional anticoagulant. In this paper, applications of Rivaroxaban on treating symptomatic venous thromboembolic dis?ease, postoperative venous thrombosis and cardiovascular thrombosis are reviewed.
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Objective To evaluate intra-arterial catheter directed thrombolysis in combination with artery angioplasty for chronic long superficial femoral artery occlusion.Methods Clinical data were reviewed on patients of chronic long superficial femoral artery occlusion treated by endovascular therapy from September 2010 to September 2012.In 19 patients,catheter-directed thrombolysis was initially carried out,which was followed by endovascular angioplasty balloon dilatation or stent placement.The other 37 patients were treated by upfront endovascular angioplasty balloon dilatation or stent placement.Results In the thrombolysis group,the occluded length of the artery before and after thrombolysis was (16 ± 5) mm and (10 ± 6) mm(t =3.598,P ＜ 0.05).The length and the number of stents used in thrombolysis group was lower than stent group [(10±5) cm、(1.6±0.8) vs.(12±4) cm、(2.1 ±0.7),t=2.102,P＜0.05].There were no significant difference in primary patency rate assisted,primary patency rate and secondary patency rate between thrombolysis group and stent group.Conclusions For patients of chronic long superficial femoral artery occlusion,a successful catheter directed thrombolysis with artery angioplasty reduces the number of stents for angioplasty.
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Objective To investigate methods and results of endovascular treatment in TASC (Ⅱ) D-type femoral artery occlusion. Methods From January 2012 to May 2013, 26 cases (26 branches) of superficial femoral artery occlusion with endovascular treatment of TASC (Ⅱ) D-type superficial femoral artery occlusion were retrospectively reviewed. The effi-cacy was evaluated through ABI, CTA, DSA and symptoms improved. Results 26 branches were treated with endovascular methods. Technical success rate was 80.7%(21/26), including 13 branche with stent implantation, 6 branches with Silver-hawk atherectomy and 2 branches with Viabahn stent implantation. All patients were followed up for a mean period of (10.3 ± 1.2)months, primary patency rates at 6 months were 69.2%in stent group, 66.7%in Silverhawk atherectomy group and 100%in Viabahn stent group. Conclusion Endovascular treatment of TASC (Ⅱ) D-type femoral artery occlusion can lead to satisfactory short term patency rates, and Viabahn stent is the latest treatment.
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‘Program of teaching quality and teaching reform in institutions of higher education' (‘quality project' for short)is a significant measure to deepen the teaching reform of university and to improve the teaching quality of universities in a new age.The present situation of‘ quality project' system construction was analyzed and the experiences were summed up.Meanwhile the problems of emphasizing project declaring and ignoring educating,emphasizing quantity and despising feature were pointed out and the measures to promote all-round development,distinctive cultivation and coordinated management based on the needs of teachers and students were proposed.All these will future promote the development of ‘quality project' system.
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Research-Based Teaching is to cultivate students’ competence of study and innovation,which requires teachers to change their concept and make careful design and full preparation before they put it into practice. The practice shows that adopting the teaching method of bringing students’ autonomous study into full play and intensifying the training of their scientific research is an important approach to implement it. Research-Based Teaching will play a more and more important role in cultivating students’ comprehensive competence.